Which equation correctly shows the distributive property being used as a mental math shortcut to find the value of $9 \times 48$?

$9 \times 48 = 9 \times 40 + 8$

$9 \times 48 = 9(50 - 2) = 9 \times 50 - 9 \times 2$

$9 \times 48 = (9 \times 40) \times 8$

$9 \times 48 = 9 \times 40 + 9 \times 8$

The equation $(4 \cdot x) \cdot 10 = 4 \cdot (x \cdot 10)$ demonstrates which property of real numbers?

Commutative Property of Multiplication

Associative Property of Multiplication

Identity Property of Multiplication