What is the primary cause of the powerful vertical forces, such as uplift and subduction, that occur at the boundaries of tectonic plates?

The gravitational pull of the moon and sun

The horizontal collision of massive rock slabs

The rotation of the Earth on its axis

The rapid cooling and heating of the Earth's crust

A geologist studying a convergent plate boundary observes that a large section of crust is being buckled and forced upward. What is this process called, and what is its primary direction of movement?

Subduction, which moves rock toward the core.

Uplift, which moves rock toward the surface.

Rifting, which moves rock sideways.

Subduction, which moves rock toward the surface.

The magnetic properties of the plates cause them to repel each other vertically.

The plates are solid masses of rock that cannot pass through each other or occupy the same physical space.

The heat from the collision instantly melts the rock, causing it to flow upwards or downwards.

The collision triggers a chemical reaction that changes the density of the rock, forcing it to move.