What is the key property of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide that contributes to the warming of the atmosphere?

They reflect most incoming sunlight.

They absorb heat radiated from Earth.

They are opaque to sunlight but transparent to heat energy leaving the planet.

They undergo chemical reactions that generate their own significant heat.

If a planet's atmosphere had a very high concentration of gases that are transparent to solar energy but opaque to heat, what would you expect?

An extremely cold surface, as most solar energy would be reflected away.

A relatively warm climate because outgoing heat energy would be trapped.

A climate with no significant temperature difference between day and night.

A very dim surface, as the gases would block most sunlight from reaching it.

The average temperature would be much colder because heat would easily escape into space.

The average temperature would be much warmer because more solar radiation would reach the surface.

The temperature would remain the same, as clouds are the main regulator of Earth's heat.

The temperature difference between the equator and the poles would disappear.

It absorbs both solar energy and heat energy equally.

It reflects solar energy but absorbs heat energy.

It is largely transparent to solar energy but strongly absorbs heat energy.

It absorbs high-energy solar radiation but allows lower-energy heat radiation to pass through it unaffected.

They let sunlight in but absorb heat leaving the Earth.

They primarily block incoming solar radiation, effectively cooling the Earth.

They convert sunlight directly into heat through a chemical process in the upper atmosphere.

They absorb both sunlight and heat equally, maintaining a perfectly stable temperature.