What is the correct sequence of events that explains how a mutation can introduce a new trait into an organism?

A new trait causes a protein to change, which then mutates a gene.

An organism develops a new trait, which is then encoded by a new gene mutation.

A mutated gene produces an altered protein, which results in a new trait.

An altered protein seeks out and changes a gene, creating a new trait.

A population of beetles is entirely brown. A single beetle is born with a bright green color, a trait never seen before in this population. What is the most likely initial genetic cause of this new color?

The beetle's diet changed, altering its pigments through a chemical process.

A random mutation occurred in a gene controlling pigment production.

Increased sun exposure was experienced by the beetle's parents.

The beetle's individual need to camouflage better against green leaves.

It ensures all offspring are identical to their parents.

It is the ultimate source of new genetic variation.

It only creates harmful traits that are quickly removed.

It allows individual organisms to choose their traits.

A change in the organism's diet.

An alteration in the sequence of a gene.

The organism learned a new behavior.

A temporary change in protein function due to temperature.