A scientist argues that a newly discovered fossil is an ancestor of modern whales. Which of the following would be considered 'Evidence' for this claim?

The fossil has a pelvic bone structure similar to that of early aquatic mammals.

The fossil is therefore a transitional species between land mammals and modern whales.

Many species share common ancestors, leading to similar structures over time.

A detailed description of the location where the fossil was unearthed.

Which of the following statements best describes the 'Claim' in a scientific argument?

A summary of the data collected.

A testable statement or conclusion.

The scientific law that explains the results.

A question that the investigation seeks to answer.

To state the final conclusion or answer to the question being investigated.

To present the raw data, observations, or facts collected during an experiment.

To describe the experimental procedure in a step-by-step format for replication.

To explain how the evidence supports the claim by connecting it to a scientific principle.

Because all reptiles, including crocodiles and birds, have hip sockets.

Because the hip socket is a complex bone that is unlikely to be lost.

Because that particular shape is a diagnostic feature found only in birds and their close relatives.

Because the fossil was found in a location where bird fossils are also common.

The organism was found growing on a decaying log in a dark, damp forest.

Fungi are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients, while plants are autotrophs that make their own food.

Microscopic analysis showed the organism's cells lack chloroplasts.

The organism is therefore part of the Kingdom Fungi.