Imagine you are an astronaut in a spacecraft orbiting Jupiter. If you look back at Earth's Moon, what would you observe about its illumination?

The Moon would always be completely dark from that distance.

The Moon would always appear as a full moon.

Exactly half of the Moon's surface would be illuminated by the Sun.

The amount of illumination would change based on Jupiter's position.

The concept that a star illuminates one half of a spherical body applies to more than just the Moon. Which of the following also directly demonstrates this principle?

The day and night cycle on Earth

The shape of the Milky Way galaxy

The heat of a volcanic eruption

The Moon's gravity and its lack of atmosphere.

The Earth's rotation and its shadow casting upon the Moon.

The Moon's spherical shape and the fact that light travels in straight lines.

The Sun's intense heat and the reflective properties of the Moon's surface.