Cortés Exploits Native Divisions
Learn how Hernán Cortés exploited Aztec divisions, used Malintzin as interpreter, and leveraged the Quetzalcoatl myth to conquer Tenochtitlán in Grade 7 history.
Key Concepts
The Spanish had more than just military advantages. Some Aztecs believed Hernán Cortés might be the returning god Quetzalcoatl . This belief made the Aztec emperor, Montezuma, hesitate to attack the Spanish immediately. Cortés used this confusion to his advantage as he marched toward the Aztec capital.
Cortés also had a powerful ally named Malintzin . She was a native woman who served as his interpreter and advisor. Malintzin helped Cortés understand local politics and form alliances with groups who resented Aztec rule. These alliances gave the Spanish thousands of native soldiers.
Common Questions
How did Cortés use Aztec political divisions to his advantage?
Many peoples conquered and oppressed by the Aztecs deeply resented their rule and tribute demands. Cortés skillfully identified and allied with these disaffected groups, particularly the Tlaxcalans, who provided him with thousands of warriors. These Native allies were crucial—Cortés could never have conquered the Aztec Empire with his small Spanish force alone.
Who was Malintzin and what role did she play in the conquest?
Malintzin was a native woman who became Cortés's interpreter and advisor. She spoke both Nahuatl (Aztec language) and Maya, enabling communication with both groups. Her knowledge of indigenous politics, customs, and motivations was invaluable to Cortés's strategy, making her arguably as important to the conquest as any Spanish weapon.
How did the Quetzalcoatl legend affect Aztec resistance to Cortés?
Some Aztecs believed the pale-skinned Cortés might be the returning god Quetzalcoatl, who was prophesied to return in a particular year—which coincided with Cortés's arrival. This belief made Emperor Montezuma hesitate to attack the Spanish immediately, giving Cortés time to build alliances and march to Tenochtitlán without the decisive early confrontation that might have stopped him.