Independence and Change
Grade 4 California history lesson on Mexico independence from Spain in 1821 and the secularization of California missions, from Pengi Social Studies Chapter 3. Students learn how Mexican independence transferred power from the Catholic Church to private landowners through secularization, fundamentally changing California social and economic structure.
Key Concepts
For many years, Spain ruled California. But in 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, making California part of the new Mexican Republic. The new government wanted to reduce the power of the Catholic Church.
They passed laws for secularization , which meant closing the missions. The church lost its control, and the vast mission lands were taken away to be used for private settlement. This marked the end of the mission era.
Common Questions
When did Mexico gain independence from Spain?
Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a decade-long war. This made California part of the new Mexican Republic and started a period of change as Mexico replaced Spanish colonial policies.
What was secularization in California history?
Secularization was the process of closing the Catholic missions and transferring their land and resources from Church control to private ownership. The Mexican government believed the missions had too much power and land.
How did secularization affect California Native Americans?
Secularization promised to give Native Americans land and freedom from mission control. In practice, most Native Americans did not receive land and became laborers on private ranchos instead.
What replaced the missions after secularization?
After secularization, large mission lands were distributed as land grants to wealthy Mexican citizens who established private cattle ranches called ranchos, starting the Rancho era of California history.