Learn on PengiElements of Language, 2nd CourseChapter 13: Capital Letters: Rules for Capitalization

Lesson 2: Proper Nouns and Common Nouns

In this Grade 5 grammar lesson from Elements of Language, 2nd Course, students learn to distinguish between proper nouns and common nouns and apply the rules for capitalizing proper nouns, including names of specific people, places, animals, and things. The lesson covers key details such as capitalizing all important words in multi-word proper nouns and capitalizing initials within names. Practice exercises guide students in identifying and correcting capitalization errors in word groups and sentences.

Section 1

Proper and Common Nouns

Definition

A proper noun names a particular person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are capitalized. A common noun names a kind of person, place, or thing. A common noun is not capitalized, unless it begins a sentence or is part of a title.

Explanation

Think of it like this: a common noun is a general name, like 'student' or 'city.' There are many students and cities! But a proper noun is a specific name, like 'Isabella' or 'Chicago.' It’s like a name tag for one particular person or place, so it gets a capital letter to show it's special. Remember, if a proper name has multiple words, like Statue of Liberty, you capitalize the important ones. A cool trick: if you can easily put 'a' or 'the' in front of a word (like 'a state'), it's probably a common noun!

Examples

  • one city in texas Dallas, Texas [Which word group correctly capitalizes the names of a city and state?]
  • my Doctor Dr. Evans [Which one correctly capitalizes the name and title of a specific person?]
  • the Pacific Ocean a big Ocean [The specific name of an ocean is a proper noun, but the general word 'ocean' is a common noun.]

Section 2

Capitalizing Names of People and Animals

Definition

Capitalize the names of persons and animals. Also capitalize initials in names.

Explanation

When you give something a name, you make it a proper noun! Whether it's a person or a pet, their specific name gets a capital letter. This rule applies to all parts of a name—first, middle, last, and any initials. Abbreviations that come before or after a name, like Ms. or Jr., should also be capitalized.

Examples

  • The letter was addressed to D. D. Daniels. [A person's initials and last name are capitalized.]
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt was a U.S. president. [All parts of a person's name, including initials, are capitalized.]
  • My dog, Rusty, loves to chase squirrels. [The specific name of an animal is a proper noun and should be capitalized.]
  • My best friend’s parrot is named Coco. [A pet's name is always capitalized.]

Book overview

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Chapter 13: Capital Letters: Rules for Capitalization

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: First Words; Inter Salutations and Closings; The Pronoun I

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 2: Proper Nouns and Common Nouns

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Proper Nouns A

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: Proper Nouns B

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 5: Proper Nouns C

  6. Lesson 6

    Lesson 6: School Subjects and Proper Adjectives

  7. Lesson 7

    Lesson 7: Titles of Persons and Creative Works

Lesson overview

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Section 1

Proper and Common Nouns

Definition

A proper noun names a particular person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are capitalized. A common noun names a kind of person, place, or thing. A common noun is not capitalized, unless it begins a sentence or is part of a title.

Explanation

Think of it like this: a common noun is a general name, like 'student' or 'city.' There are many students and cities! But a proper noun is a specific name, like 'Isabella' or 'Chicago.' It’s like a name tag for one particular person or place, so it gets a capital letter to show it's special. Remember, if a proper name has multiple words, like Statue of Liberty, you capitalize the important ones. A cool trick: if you can easily put 'a' or 'the' in front of a word (like 'a state'), it's probably a common noun!

Examples

  • one city in texas Dallas, Texas [Which word group correctly capitalizes the names of a city and state?]
  • my Doctor Dr. Evans [Which one correctly capitalizes the name and title of a specific person?]
  • the Pacific Ocean a big Ocean [The specific name of an ocean is a proper noun, but the general word 'ocean' is a common noun.]

Section 2

Capitalizing Names of People and Animals

Definition

Capitalize the names of persons and animals. Also capitalize initials in names.

Explanation

When you give something a name, you make it a proper noun! Whether it's a person or a pet, their specific name gets a capital letter. This rule applies to all parts of a name—first, middle, last, and any initials. Abbreviations that come before or after a name, like Ms. or Jr., should also be capitalized.

Examples

  • The letter was addressed to D. D. Daniels. [A person's initials and last name are capitalized.]
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt was a U.S. president. [All parts of a person's name, including initials, are capitalized.]
  • My dog, Rusty, loves to chase squirrels. [The specific name of an animal is a proper noun and should be capitalized.]
  • My best friend’s parrot is named Coco. [A pet's name is always capitalized.]

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 13: Capital Letters: Rules for Capitalization

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: First Words; Inter Salutations and Closings; The Pronoun I

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 2: Proper Nouns and Common Nouns

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Proper Nouns A

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: Proper Nouns B

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 5: Proper Nouns C

  6. Lesson 6

    Lesson 6: School Subjects and Proper Adjectives

  7. Lesson 7

    Lesson 7: Titles of Persons and Creative Works