Learn on PengiElements of Language, 2nd CourseChapter 5: The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases

Lesson 3: The Participle and the Participial Phrase

In this Grade 5 grammar lesson from Elements of Language, 2nd Course, students learn how participles function as adjectives and distinguish between present participles (ending in –ing) and past participles (ending in –ed, –en, –t, or other forms). The lesson then extends to participial phrases, showing how a participle with its modifiers or complements acts as an adjective and can be placed at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence. Practice exercises guide students to identify both individual participles and full participial phrases in context.

Section 1

The Participle

Definition

A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective.

Explanation

Think of a participle as a special kind of adjective that comes from a verb! It helps answer questions like What kind? or Which one?. Remember, there are two types: present participles always end in -ing (like running), while past participles often end in -ed (like finished), but can have other endings too (like broken or spent).

Examples

  • The howling wind shook the old house. [The participle howling answers the question, Which wind?]
  • Tired hikers rested by the side of the trail. [The participle Tired answers the question, What kind of hikers?]
  • Present Participles: chasing butterfly, growing plant
  • Past Participles: frozen food, stolen cookies

Section 2

The Participial Phrase

Definition

A participial phrase consists of a participle and any modifiers or complements the participle has. The entire phrase is used as an adjective.

Explanation

A participial phrase is a group of words that acts like one big adjective. It starts with a participle and includes other words that add more detail. A key tip is that this phrase can show up at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, but it always describes a noun or pronoun nearby!

Examples

  • The trophy won by our team is in the display case. [The participial phrase describes the word trophy.]
  • We saw a movie for anyone interested in history. [The participial phrase describes the word anyone.]
  • Waving to the crowd, the parade float moved slowly down the street. [The participial phrase describes the word float.]

Book overview

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Chapter 5: The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: The Phrase

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: The Prepositional Phrase

  3. Lesson 3Current

    Lesson 3: The Participle and the Participial Phrase

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: The Infinitive and the Infinitive Phrase

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 5: Appositives and Appositive Phrases

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

Expand

Section 1

The Participle

Definition

A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective.

Explanation

Think of a participle as a special kind of adjective that comes from a verb! It helps answer questions like What kind? or Which one?. Remember, there are two types: present participles always end in -ing (like running), while past participles often end in -ed (like finished), but can have other endings too (like broken or spent).

Examples

  • The howling wind shook the old house. [The participle howling answers the question, Which wind?]
  • Tired hikers rested by the side of the trail. [The participle Tired answers the question, What kind of hikers?]
  • Present Participles: chasing butterfly, growing plant
  • Past Participles: frozen food, stolen cookies

Section 2

The Participial Phrase

Definition

A participial phrase consists of a participle and any modifiers or complements the participle has. The entire phrase is used as an adjective.

Explanation

A participial phrase is a group of words that acts like one big adjective. It starts with a participle and includes other words that add more detail. A key tip is that this phrase can show up at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, but it always describes a noun or pronoun nearby!

Examples

  • The trophy won by our team is in the display case. [The participial phrase describes the word trophy.]
  • We saw a movie for anyone interested in history. [The participial phrase describes the word anyone.]
  • Waving to the crowd, the parade float moved slowly down the street. [The participial phrase describes the word float.]

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 5: The Phrase: Prepositional, Verbal, and Appositive Phrases

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: The Phrase

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 2: The Prepositional Phrase

  3. Lesson 3Current

    Lesson 3: The Participle and the Participial Phrase

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: The Infinitive and the Infinitive Phrase

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 5: Appositives and Appositive Phrases