Learn on PengiSaxon Math, Course 1Chapter 1: Number, Operations, and Algebra

Lesson 2: Multiplying Whole Numbers and Money

In this Grade 6 Saxon Math Course 1 lesson, students learn to multiply whole numbers and money amounts using partial products, and to divide whole numbers and money using the division symbol, division box, and division bar. The lesson introduces key vocabulary including factors, product, dividend, divisor, and quotient, along with the Commutative Property, Identity Property, and Zero Property of Multiplication. Students also practice applying these skills to real-world problems such as calculating the cost of multiple items in dollars and cents.

Section 1

📘 Fact Families

Definition

Multiplication and division are inverse operations. A fact family is a set of related multiplication and division facts that use the same three numbers.

5×6=3030÷5=6 5 \times 6 = 30 \quad 30 \div 5 = 6
6×5=3030÷6=5 6 \times 5 = 30 \quad 30 \div 6 = 5

What’s next

Next, you will solidify this concept through worked examples and practice problems, challenging you to build complete fact families from given sets of numbers.

Section 2

Multiplying with Partial Products

Property

When multiplying a number by a two-digit number, you can multiply by the ones digit first, then by the tens digit, and add the two partial products together to get the final product.

36×15180partial product (36×5)360partial product (36×10)540product (15×36)\begin{array}{rl} 36 & \\ \times 15 & \\ \hline 180 & \text{partial product } (36 \times 5) \\ 360 & \text{partial product } (36 \times 10) \\ \hline 540 & \text{product } (15 \times 36) \end{array}

Examples

To find 42×2342 \times 23, calculate the partial products: (42×3)+(42×20)=126+840=966(42 \times 3) + (42 \times 20) = 126 + 840 = 966.

Calculating 205×31205 \times 31 becomes (205×1)+(205×30)(205 \times 1) + (205 \times 30), which is 205+6150=6355205 + 6150 = 6355.

Section 3

Commutative Property of Multiplication

Property

Changing the order of the factors does not change the product.

a×b=b×a a \times b = b \times a

Examples

To check if 14×20=28014 \times 20 = 280 is correct, you can reverse the factors and confirm that 20×14=28020 \times 14 = 280.

Multiplying 25×1225 \times 12 gives 300, which is the same product you get from multiplying 12×2512 \times 25.

Section 4

Zero Property of Multiplication

Property

If zero is a factor of a multiplication, the product is zero.

Examples

Even a big number like 1,234,567×01,234,567 \times 0 is just 00.
If you have 15 baskets with 0 apples in each, you have 15×0=015 \times 0 = 0 apples in total.
Calculating 45×(1010)45 \times (10 - 10) simplifies to 45×045 \times 0, which equals 00.

Explanation

Zero is the superhero of math that makes big numbers vanish! The Zero Property of Multiplication states that any number, no matter how gigantic, multiplied by zero is always zero. It's the simplest and most powerful multiplication rule you'll ever learn. It’s a total knockout!

Section 5

Checking Division with Multiplication

Property

To check a division problem, you multiply the quotient by the divisor and then add the remainder. The result should equal the dividend.

(quotient×divisor)+remainder=dividend (\text{quotient} \times \text{divisor}) + \text{remainder} = \text{dividend}

Examples

To check if 245÷5=49245 \div 5 = 49, multiply the quotient and divisor: 49×5=24549 \times 5 = 245. It matches!

To check if 368÷7=52368 \div 7 = 52 R 44, calculate (52×7)+4(52 \times 7) + 4. This gives 364+4=368364 + 4 = 368, which is correct.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 1: Number, Operations, and Algebra

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: Adding Whole Numbers and Money

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 2: Multiplying Whole Numbers and Money

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Unknown Numbers in Addition

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: Unknown Numbers in Multiplication

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 5: Order of Operations, Part 1

  6. Lesson 6

    Lesson 6: Fractional Parts

  7. Lesson 7

    Lesson 7: Lines, Segments, and Rays

  8. Lesson 8

    Lesson 8: Perimeter

  9. Lesson 9

    Lesson 9: The Number Line: Ordering and Comparing

  10. Lesson 10

    Lesson 10: Sequences

  11. Lesson 11

    Investigation 1: Frequency Tables, Histograms, Surveys

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

Expand

Section 1

📘 Fact Families

Definition

Multiplication and division are inverse operations. A fact family is a set of related multiplication and division facts that use the same three numbers.

5×6=3030÷5=6 5 \times 6 = 30 \quad 30 \div 5 = 6
6×5=3030÷6=5 6 \times 5 = 30 \quad 30 \div 6 = 5

What’s next

Next, you will solidify this concept through worked examples and practice problems, challenging you to build complete fact families from given sets of numbers.

Section 2

Multiplying with Partial Products

Property

When multiplying a number by a two-digit number, you can multiply by the ones digit first, then by the tens digit, and add the two partial products together to get the final product.

36×15180partial product (36×5)360partial product (36×10)540product (15×36)\begin{array}{rl} 36 & \\ \times 15 & \\ \hline 180 & \text{partial product } (36 \times 5) \\ 360 & \text{partial product } (36 \times 10) \\ \hline 540 & \text{product } (15 \times 36) \end{array}

Examples

To find 42×2342 \times 23, calculate the partial products: (42×3)+(42×20)=126+840=966(42 \times 3) + (42 \times 20) = 126 + 840 = 966.

Calculating 205×31205 \times 31 becomes (205×1)+(205×30)(205 \times 1) + (205 \times 30), which is 205+6150=6355205 + 6150 = 6355.

Section 3

Commutative Property of Multiplication

Property

Changing the order of the factors does not change the product.

a×b=b×a a \times b = b \times a

Examples

To check if 14×20=28014 \times 20 = 280 is correct, you can reverse the factors and confirm that 20×14=28020 \times 14 = 280.

Multiplying 25×1225 \times 12 gives 300, which is the same product you get from multiplying 12×2512 \times 25.

Section 4

Zero Property of Multiplication

Property

If zero is a factor of a multiplication, the product is zero.

Examples

Even a big number like 1,234,567×01,234,567 \times 0 is just 00.
If you have 15 baskets with 0 apples in each, you have 15×0=015 \times 0 = 0 apples in total.
Calculating 45×(1010)45 \times (10 - 10) simplifies to 45×045 \times 0, which equals 00.

Explanation

Zero is the superhero of math that makes big numbers vanish! The Zero Property of Multiplication states that any number, no matter how gigantic, multiplied by zero is always zero. It's the simplest and most powerful multiplication rule you'll ever learn. It’s a total knockout!

Section 5

Checking Division with Multiplication

Property

To check a division problem, you multiply the quotient by the divisor and then add the remainder. The result should equal the dividend.

(quotient×divisor)+remainder=dividend (\text{quotient} \times \text{divisor}) + \text{remainder} = \text{dividend}

Examples

To check if 245÷5=49245 \div 5 = 49, multiply the quotient and divisor: 49×5=24549 \times 5 = 245. It matches!

To check if 368÷7=52368 \div 7 = 52 R 44, calculate (52×7)+4(52 \times 7) + 4. This gives 364+4=368364 + 4 = 368, which is correct.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 1: Number, Operations, and Algebra

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 1: Adding Whole Numbers and Money

  2. Lesson 2Current

    Lesson 2: Multiplying Whole Numbers and Money

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 3: Unknown Numbers in Addition

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 4: Unknown Numbers in Multiplication

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 5: Order of Operations, Part 1

  6. Lesson 6

    Lesson 6: Fractional Parts

  7. Lesson 7

    Lesson 7: Lines, Segments, and Rays

  8. Lesson 8

    Lesson 8: Perimeter

  9. Lesson 9

    Lesson 9: The Number Line: Ordering and Comparing

  10. Lesson 10

    Lesson 10: Sequences

  11. Lesson 11

    Investigation 1: Frequency Tables, Histograms, Surveys