Learn on PengiSaxon Math, Course 1Chapter 7: Fractions and Geometric Concepts

Lesson 70: Reducing Fractions Before Multiplying

In Saxon Math Course 1, Grade 6 Lesson 70, students learn how to reduce fraction terms across numerators and denominators of different fractions before multiplying, a technique known as canceling. The lesson covers applying this method to proper fractions, mixed numbers converted to improper fractions, and division problems rewritten as multiplication using reciprocals. Students practice simplifying products more efficiently by canceling common factors before computing rather than reducing after multiplying.

Section 1

๐Ÿ“˜ Reducing Fractions Before Multiplying

New Concept

Before multiplying, you can simplify by reducing common factors in numerators and denominators across fractions. This process is also known as canceling.

Whatโ€™s next

This is the foundational skill. Next, you'll apply canceling to problems involving mixed numbers and see how it works in fraction division.

Section 2

Canceling

Property

Before multiplying fractions, you can simplify by dividing any numerator and any denominator by a common factor. This process is called canceling.

Examples

Example 1:

47ร—79=471ร—719=49\frac{4}{7} \times \frac{7}{9} = \frac{4}{\cancel{7}_1} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{7}}}{9} = \frac{4}{9}

Example 2:
49ร—38=4193ร—3182=16\frac{4}{9} \times \frac{3}{8} = \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{4}}}{\underset{3}{\cancel{9}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{3}}}{\underset{2}{\cancel{8}}} = \frac{1}{6}

Example 3:
23ร—35ร—58=2131ร—3151ร—5184=14\frac{2}{3} \times \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{5}{8} = \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{2}}}{\cancel{3}_1} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{3}}}{\cancel{5}_1} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{5}}}{\underset{4}{\cancel{8}}} = \frac{1}{4}

Explanation

Think of canceling as a super-shortcut! Instead of multiplying large numbers to get a giant fraction you have to reduce later, you simplify first. Itโ€™s like cleaning up your room a little at a time instead of waiting for a huge mess. This makes multiplication way faster and easier, with less chance of making a mistake.

Section 3

Multiplying with Mixed Numbers

Property

To multiply mixed numbers, first convert them into improper fractions. Then, you can cancel common factors and multiply.

Examples

Example 1:

212ร—135=52ร—85=5121ร—8451=41=42\frac{1}{2} \times 1\frac{3}{5} = \frac{5}{2} \times \frac{8}{5} = \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{5}}}{\underset{1}{\cancel{2}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{4}{\cancel{8}}}{\cancel{5}_1} = \frac{4}{1} = 4

Example 2:
313ร—910=103ร—910=10131ร—93101=31=33\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{9}{10} = \frac{10}{3} \times \frac{9}{10} = \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{10}}}{\underset{1}{\cancel{3}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{3}{\cancel{9}}}{\cancel{10}_1} = \frac{3}{1} = 3

Example 3:
114ร—223=54ร—83=541ร—823=103=3131\frac{1}{4} \times 2\frac{2}{3} = \frac{5}{4} \times \frac{8}{3} = \frac{5}{\underset{1}{\cancel{4}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{2}{\cancel{8}}}{3} = \frac{10}{3} = 3\frac{1}{3}

Explanation

Mixed numbers are like party crashers in multiplicationโ€”they don't follow the rules! To handle them, you must first convert them into improper fractions. Once they're in the right format, they can join the canceling party with everyone else. It's the secret password to solving these problems easily, so donโ€™t forget this important first step.

Section 4

Dividing Fractions with Canceling

Property

A division problem must be rewritten as a multiplication problem before you can cancel. To divide, multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second fraction.

abรทcd=abร—dc \frac{a}{b} \div \frac{c}{d} = \frac{a}{b} \times \frac{d}{c}

Examples

Example 1:

58รท54=58ร—45=5182ร—4151=12\frac{5}{8} \div \frac{5}{4} = \frac{5}{8} \times \frac{4}{5} = \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{5}}}{\underset{2}{\cancel{8}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{4}}}{\cancel{5}_1} = \frac{1}{2}

Example 2:
89รท23=89ร—32=8493ร—3121=43=113\frac{8}{9} \div \frac{2}{3} = \frac{8}{9} \times \frac{3}{2} = \frac{\stackrel{4}{\cancel{8}}}{\underset{3}{\cancel{9}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{3}}}{\underset{1}{\cancel{2}}} = \frac{4}{3} = 1\frac{1}{3}

Example 3:
313รท123=103รท53=103ร—35=10231ร—3151=23\frac{1}{3} \div 1\frac{2}{3} = \frac{10}{3} \div \frac{5}{3} = \frac{10}{3} \times \frac{3}{5} = \frac{\stackrel{2}{\cancel{10}}}{\underset{1}{\cancel{3}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{3}}}{\cancel{5}_1} = 2

Explanation

Remember: you cannot cancel in a division problem directly! It's an exclusive club for multiplication only. To get your problem on the guest list, you have to use the 'keep, change, flip' method. Flip the second fraction to find its reciprocal, change the sign to multiply, and then you're officially invited to the canceling party.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 7: Fractions and Geometric Concepts

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 61: Adding Three or More Fractions

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 62: Writing Mixed Numbers as Improper Fractions

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 63: Subtracting Mixed Numbers with Regrouping, Part 2

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 64: Classifying Quadrilaterals

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 65: Prime Factorization

  6. Lesson 6

    Lesson 66: Multiplying Mixed Numbers

  7. Lesson 7

    Lesson 67: Using Prime Factorization to Reduce Fractions

  8. Lesson 8

    Lesson 68: Dividing Mixed Numbers

  9. Lesson 9

    Lesson 69: Lengths of Segments

  10. Lesson 10Current

    Lesson 70: Reducing Fractions Before Multiplying

  11. Lesson 11

    Investigation 7: The Coordinate Plane

Lesson overview

Expand to review the lesson summary and core properties.

Expand

Section 1

๐Ÿ“˜ Reducing Fractions Before Multiplying

New Concept

Before multiplying, you can simplify by reducing common factors in numerators and denominators across fractions. This process is also known as canceling.

Whatโ€™s next

This is the foundational skill. Next, you'll apply canceling to problems involving mixed numbers and see how it works in fraction division.

Section 2

Canceling

Property

Before multiplying fractions, you can simplify by dividing any numerator and any denominator by a common factor. This process is called canceling.

Examples

Example 1:

47ร—79=471ร—719=49\frac{4}{7} \times \frac{7}{9} = \frac{4}{\cancel{7}_1} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{7}}}{9} = \frac{4}{9}

Example 2:
49ร—38=4193ร—3182=16\frac{4}{9} \times \frac{3}{8} = \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{4}}}{\underset{3}{\cancel{9}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{3}}}{\underset{2}{\cancel{8}}} = \frac{1}{6}

Example 3:
23ร—35ร—58=2131ร—3151ร—5184=14\frac{2}{3} \times \frac{3}{5} \times \frac{5}{8} = \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{2}}}{\cancel{3}_1} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{3}}}{\cancel{5}_1} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{5}}}{\underset{4}{\cancel{8}}} = \frac{1}{4}

Explanation

Think of canceling as a super-shortcut! Instead of multiplying large numbers to get a giant fraction you have to reduce later, you simplify first. Itโ€™s like cleaning up your room a little at a time instead of waiting for a huge mess. This makes multiplication way faster and easier, with less chance of making a mistake.

Section 3

Multiplying with Mixed Numbers

Property

To multiply mixed numbers, first convert them into improper fractions. Then, you can cancel common factors and multiply.

Examples

Example 1:

212ร—135=52ร—85=5121ร—8451=41=42\frac{1}{2} \times 1\frac{3}{5} = \frac{5}{2} \times \frac{8}{5} = \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{5}}}{\underset{1}{\cancel{2}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{4}{\cancel{8}}}{\cancel{5}_1} = \frac{4}{1} = 4

Example 2:
313ร—910=103ร—910=10131ร—93101=31=33\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{9}{10} = \frac{10}{3} \times \frac{9}{10} = \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{10}}}{\underset{1}{\cancel{3}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{3}{\cancel{9}}}{\cancel{10}_1} = \frac{3}{1} = 3

Example 3:
114ร—223=54ร—83=541ร—823=103=3131\frac{1}{4} \times 2\frac{2}{3} = \frac{5}{4} \times \frac{8}{3} = \frac{5}{\underset{1}{\cancel{4}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{2}{\cancel{8}}}{3} = \frac{10}{3} = 3\frac{1}{3}

Explanation

Mixed numbers are like party crashers in multiplicationโ€”they don't follow the rules! To handle them, you must first convert them into improper fractions. Once they're in the right format, they can join the canceling party with everyone else. It's the secret password to solving these problems easily, so donโ€™t forget this important first step.

Section 4

Dividing Fractions with Canceling

Property

A division problem must be rewritten as a multiplication problem before you can cancel. To divide, multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second fraction.

abรทcd=abร—dc \frac{a}{b} \div \frac{c}{d} = \frac{a}{b} \times \frac{d}{c}

Examples

Example 1:

58รท54=58ร—45=5182ร—4151=12\frac{5}{8} \div \frac{5}{4} = \frac{5}{8} \times \frac{4}{5} = \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{5}}}{\underset{2}{\cancel{8}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{4}}}{\cancel{5}_1} = \frac{1}{2}

Example 2:
89รท23=89ร—32=8493ร—3121=43=113\frac{8}{9} \div \frac{2}{3} = \frac{8}{9} \times \frac{3}{2} = \frac{\stackrel{4}{\cancel{8}}}{\underset{3}{\cancel{9}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{3}}}{\underset{1}{\cancel{2}}} = \frac{4}{3} = 1\frac{1}{3}

Example 3:
313รท123=103รท53=103ร—35=10231ร—3151=23\frac{1}{3} \div 1\frac{2}{3} = \frac{10}{3} \div \frac{5}{3} = \frac{10}{3} \times \frac{3}{5} = \frac{\stackrel{2}{\cancel{10}}}{\underset{1}{\cancel{3}}} \times \frac{\stackrel{1}{\cancel{3}}}{\cancel{5}_1} = 2

Explanation

Remember: you cannot cancel in a division problem directly! It's an exclusive club for multiplication only. To get your problem on the guest list, you have to use the 'keep, change, flip' method. Flip the second fraction to find its reciprocal, change the sign to multiply, and then you're officially invited to the canceling party.

Book overview

Jump across lessons in the current chapter without opening the full course modal.

Continue this chapter

Chapter 7: Fractions and Geometric Concepts

  1. Lesson 1

    Lesson 61: Adding Three or More Fractions

  2. Lesson 2

    Lesson 62: Writing Mixed Numbers as Improper Fractions

  3. Lesson 3

    Lesson 63: Subtracting Mixed Numbers with Regrouping, Part 2

  4. Lesson 4

    Lesson 64: Classifying Quadrilaterals

  5. Lesson 5

    Lesson 65: Prime Factorization

  6. Lesson 6

    Lesson 66: Multiplying Mixed Numbers

  7. Lesson 7

    Lesson 67: Using Prime Factorization to Reduce Fractions

  8. Lesson 8

    Lesson 68: Dividing Mixed Numbers

  9. Lesson 9

    Lesson 69: Lengths of Segments

  10. Lesson 10Current

    Lesson 70: Reducing Fractions Before Multiplying

  11. Lesson 11

    Investigation 7: The Coordinate Plane